1877 in science

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The year 1877 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Contents

1 Events
2 History of science
3 Mathematics
4 Medicine
5 Technology
6 Publications
7 Awards
8 Births
9 Deaths
10 References

Events

June 19 - Eadweard Muybridge successfully produces a fast-motion sequence of photographs showing a horse in movement, Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, using multiple cameras at Palo Alto, California, demonstrating that a running horse has all four legs lifted off the ground at once. The sequence could be run on a Zoopraxiscope.^[1]

History of science

Dr. August Eisenlohr publishes the first translation and study of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.^[2]
American railroad lawyer and ethnologist Lewis H. Morgan publishes Ancient Society, linking social progress with technological change.

Mathematics

George Cantor advances the continuum hypothesis.

Medicine

October 2 - Berlin urologist Maximilian Nitze and Viennese instrument-maker Josef Leiter introduce the first practical cystourethroscope with an electric light source.^[3]
Patrick Manson studies animal carriers of infectious diseases.

Technology

November 4 - Opening of Gustave Eiffel's Maria Pia Bridge carrying the railway across the Douro into Porto, Portugal.

Publications

Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie is founded by Felix Hoppe-Seyler.

Awards

Births

February 7 - G. H. Hardy (d. 1947), mathematician.
April 5 - Walter Sutton (d. 1916), geneticist and surgeon.
September 2 - Frederick Soddy (d.1956), physical chemist.
September 11 - James Hopwood Jeans (d. 1946), mathematician.
September 13 - Wilhelm Filchner (d. 1957), explorer.
October 21 - Oswald Theodore Avery (d. 1955), bacteriologist.
October 25 - Henry Norris Russell (d. 1957), astronomer.

Deaths

January 12 - Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt Hofmeister (b. 1824), German botanist.
February 8 - Charles Wilkes (d. 1798), American navigator.
June 3 - Ludwig von Köchel (b. 1800), Austrian musicologist and botanist.
September 17 - H. Fox Talbot (b. 1800), English pioneer of photography.
September 23 - Urbain Le Verrier (b. 1811), French astronomer.
September 26 - Hermann Günther Grassmann (b. 1809), German mathematician.

References

^ Clegg, Brian (2007). The Man Who Stopped Time. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10112-7.
^ Eisenlohr, August (1877). Ein mathematisches Handbuch der alten Aegypter (Papyrus Rhind des British Museum). Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. http://www.archive.org/stream/einmathematische00eise#page/n7/mode/2up. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
^ Mouton, Wolfgang G.; Bessell, Justin R.; Maddern, Guy J. (1998). "Looking Back to the Advent of Modern Endoscopy: 150th Birthday of Maximilian Nitze". World Journal of Surgery 22 (12): 1256–8. doi:10.1007/s002689900555. PMID 9841754. http://www.springerlink.com/content/thmlethukdh1ett8/fulltext.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-17.